Long Tractors Part III
The Long 510
Arriving in the same basic equipment and styling package as the late model Long 460 was the contemporary Long 510. Sharing practically all the same componentry as the 8 speed 460, the 510 differed only by an increase in cylinder bore from the 95 millimeters of the 460 up to 102 MM, resulting in an approximate 164.8 cubic inch displacement. Horsepower rating was 48.5 on the PTO. The 510 was available in 2 wheel drive or 4 wheel drive versions. The 510 benefitted from the heavier duty square fenders of the larger tractors in the Long stable, those fenders being included to allow the mounting of the optional, new style, 2 post ROPS, and the further optional FOPS. The 510 very nicely filled the gap between the 41.9 PTO HP 460 and the new 53.6 PTO HP 560, providing near-four cylinder power in a three cylinder size and economy.
Replacing the Long 550 was the very slightly restyled Long 560. Other than the headlights now being mounted inboard of the bodywork, behind the horizontally slotted grille, there were no outward differences in the appearance of the 550 and 560. The inboard mounted headlights did definitely give the new 560 a cleaner, more modern appearance than the 550 in side by side comparisans.
Underneath the hood lurked the same 4 cylinder, 190 cubic inch, direct injection, liquid cooled, 5 main bearing, Uzina engine of the later 550, complete with the underslung, counter-rotating, gear driven vibration damper as now standard equipment. At 2400 RPM rated speed, the 560 reliably cranked out the same 53.6 PTO horsepower as the earlier 550.
Behind the grille was still mounted the battery and the oil bath air cleaner, mounted between the headlights, and slung below. A cyclonic precleaner still snatched the really dirty stuff out of the air before it hit the air cleaner itself. Early model 560 tractors were equipped with the same semi-flat top, rounded fenders as the early 460 tractors, but later versions (of both) were updated with much stronger and heavier, squared-off, flat top fenders that tapered off at the front and back on 45 degree angles. These fenders were ideal for mounting ROP structures and canopies.
Backing up the vibration-damped 17:1 compression ratio engine was one of two possible clutch units: a new 10½ inch unit, or an 11 inch unit. The 10½" unit is hard to service today, as parts are difficult to obtain for it, and the release bearing holders and clutch forks are different from the 11 inch unit, neccessitating a fairly involved conversion if one decides to go that route. The 11 inch clutch is popular, used in several other Long and Fiat tractors, and therefore is easy to service when neccessary.
Controlled by either aforementioned clutch unit, the 560 implemented the same transmission used to propel the earlier 550 model. It was a partially synchronized, 8 speed forward, 2 speed reverse, two stick, straight cut gear transmission. 8th to 7th and 4th to 3rd gears were synchronized for easy shifting. A fully independant PTO was featured with eaither size clutch unit and this transmission. The hand operated PTO clutch lever was mounted on the forward left hand side of the transmission cover, and controlled the PTO section of either dual clutch through two bellcranks. PTO operation was sure and controlled with this system, and wear and tear on the PTO clutch release bearing was lessened due to less applications of it due to over-travel on the foot clutch pedal by the operator merely for gear changes.
Sitting atop this tranmission was a top link sensing, depth and position controlled three point hitch, rated at 2660 pounds lift. The hydraulic pump was the same 5.75 gallon per minute unit used on all prior (and smaller) UTB-built Long tractors.Relief valve setting was at the same 2133 PSI as all aforementioned models.
540 RPM's of the PTO was reached at 1970 engine RPM's. A DTO was also included above the 540 unit, and was handy for high-volume 'loader pumps' (separate hydraulic pumps delegated only to operating a front end loader, relieving the main hydraulic pump for other work, and increasing loader cycle speed), or high volume water pumps for irrigating.
Supporting the front end of the 560 was the same 3 piece (4, if you include the pivot pin), telescoping tube, 8 position front axle unit. Between the typical 8 bolt center, 6 lug rim rear wheels was the familiar 5.636:1 final drive units. Wheel and tire selections were limited to 7.50x16 tri-rib tires on the front, but 14.9x28, 16.9x28, or even 18.4x28 ag grip rears. Power adjustable rear wheels were optionally available.
Not offically offered, but available--and popular--nonetheless, was a 560DT model. The typical 'side drive', non-planetary reduction driven front axle. Wheel equipment consisted of 7.50x20 traction grip front tires, and 14.9x28 rears. Some new 'center drive' units appear to have been produced, also, consisting of a driven front axle with a centrally-located differential, and outboard planetary reduction final drive units. These front axles are readily identifiable, even from the side, by their large center cast (planetary reduction system) hub cover, over the much smaller hubs on the 'side drive' models. On any front axle system, power assisted steering remained an option on the 560.
Other options listed for the 560 tractor were front and rear wheel weights, belt pulley, and auxilliary remote hydraulic valve and couplers.
Stepping up into the 60 PTO horsepower slot, was the 4 cylinder Long 610.
Laid out much the same as the 560 model, the 610 upped the cubic inch scale to 219, owing to it's 4.016 (102MM) bore, and, by now, dead-standard 4.33 (110MM) stroke. The direct injection engine featured 5 main bearings, full flow lubrication, and the retention of the bottom-mounted, counter-rotating crankshaft balancing unit. A CAV-style fuel filtration and Diesel injection system was regular equipment, as was a thermostarter system, making the 610 ideal for heavy duty chore work, as the thermostarter intake air preheating system made cold weather starting reliable, rather than the 'hope for the best and crank' crowd having no starting aid. Thermostarting systems also made the risky practice of spraying ether into the air breather history--and likely saved a lot of engines in the process.
Gone was the 10½ inch clutch of the 560; only an 11 inch unit was available in the higher horsepower 610. PTO control and operation was the same as the 560; the 610 having andependant, hand operated clutch for the PTO. Going out the PTO shaft at 2400 engine RPM's, was 60 horsepower, the most a Long of this style had cranked out yet.
The 8 speed transmission was still up to the task of handling the 610's output, so it was again found hind the clutch and between the fenders of a 'Long Blue Line' tractor. Partial synchronization made shifting between 3rd and 4th and 7th and 8th sure and easy. Like the smaller 460 and 560 units, a differential lock was standard equipment on the 610. Final drive reduction was again the 5.636:1 ratio of all the UTB-built Longs.
Between the final drive units were the 56MM wide, contracting band/internal drum, self-energizing braking units of the 550 and 560 tractors.
Outside of the familiar outboard final drive units on the 610, at the discretion of the buyer, were 14.9, 16.9, or 18.4x28 rear tires, while 7.50x16 tri-rib fronts supported the same 8 position, round tube, telescoping axle unit as all other UTB-built Long 2 wheel drive tractors.
Power steering was now standard equipment, but consisted of the power assisted steering system on early models, with hydrostatic power steering being phased in in mid-to-late 1979.
A DT version of the 610 was available, and eliminated 40% of wheel slip under difficult conditions as compared to a 2 wheel drive 610. Wheel and tire selection was eliminated in the 610DT, as the only available combination was 10.5x20 traction grip fronts, and 16.9x28 rears. Power adjust rears were optionally available on either 610 or 610DT tractors. The 610DT used only the 'center' drive' style front axle, with it's more rugged, heavier duty design, and better axle oscillation over the older 'side drive' style front end.
Speaking of rear wheels... while the 610's basic styling was nearly identical to that of the 560, one difference was the fenders; they now were Fiat style narrower, square, flat top fenders, with a 45 degree angled slope on the front and rear. Much more sturdy units than the 460 or 560 style, the optionally available ROPS structure bolted right on top of the 610's fenders.
Standard equipment creature comforts of the 610 were a deluxe seat, hand and foot throttles, differential lock, parking brake, headlights, thermostarter, and full instrumentation. The option list consited of front end weights and rear wheel weights, underslung exhaust kit, remote hydraulics, the aforementioned power adjustable rear wheels, the ROPS, a FOPS canopy, and a integrated ROPS cab.
Shipping weight of the 610 2 wheel drive was 4560 pounds; this could have increased dramatically depending on the gusto with which one might have delved into the options list.
